• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with optimized means of injection of lightning currents in the conductive components of their shells. The injection means comprise a current receiving element (27; 47; 67) connected to the input cable of the lightning currents and arranged on an area of the shells close to the electrically conductive component (22; 42; 62) and a current injection element (28; 48; 68; 69, 69 ') arranged on the electrically conductive component (22; 42; 62) and connected to the current receiving element (27; 47; 67) by, at least, two distribution cables (31, 32, 51, 52, 53, 71, 72, 73, 74). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2646015A1
    申请号:ES201600471
    申请日:2016-06-07
    公开日:2017-12-11
    发明作者:Victor MARCH NOMEN；Juan MADOZ ZABALEGUI
    申请人:Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with optimized means of injecting lightning currents into the conductive components of their shells.
     5
    Field of the Invention

    The invention relates to a lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with electrically conductive components in their shells and in particular to the injection of lightning currents into said electrically conductive components. 10

    Background

    Due to the height reached by the wind turbines and their location in elevated areas there is a high risk of receiving lightning impacts especially on their blades. 15 Therefore, the blades must have a lightning protection system and any additional system installed in them that contains conductive elements (metal parts, sensors, beacon systems, ...) must be protected against direct lightning strikes and indirect effects due to the electromagnetic field induced by them. twenty

    The lightning rod system of the wind turbine blades has as its main components a series of metallic receptors arranged on the surface of the blade and a lead-down cable that conducts the beam from the receivers to the root. The evolution in the development of wind turbines and the increase in power supplied 25 have led to new generations of wind turbines of higher dimensions both in tower height and in rotor diameter. With the increase in the length of the blade an increase in stiffness is necessary. A very widespread way of achieving this is by using a greater amount of carbon fiber based laminates in the manufacture of the shovel either in the form of caps 30 attached to the shells or as part of the shell structure. However, carbon fiber laminates are conductive, so they must be connected in parallel with the down conductor cable to avoid internal arcs between the cable and the laminate and so that direct lightning strikes do not occur The carbon fiber laminate. 35

    WO 2006/051147 A1 describes a lightning rod system that includes equipotentialisation means of the carbon fiber laminates with the lightning rod system that includes shunts of the main cable to connect it directly with carbon fiber laminates arranged in the upper and lower parts of the 40 blade beam (see Figure 1a). An auxiliary cable 5 derived from the down conductor 6 is connected by screw connection to a metal plate 3 in direct contact with the carbon fiber layers of the wings 4 of the blade beam and serving as a means of current injection in they. The electrical connection can be improved by the use of conductive resins added in the form of nanofibers or 45 carbon nanotubes 11 both between the metal plate 3 and the carbon fiber layers and in the vicinity of the metal plate 3. Due to the high frequency of the lightning current, the distribution of the current locally in the connection, makes the effective connection area smaller than the physical one, the current density being much higher in the zone A next to the auxiliary cable 5 than in the Zone B away from him. fifty

    The present invention is oriented to the solution of that inconvenience.


    Summary of the invention

    The invention provides a lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade whose shells include an electrically conductive component embedded in them with means for injecting lightning currents into said conductive component that achieve a balanced distribution of the current in the injection zone. .

    These injection means comprise a receiver element of the lightning currents disposed on an area of the shells near the electrically conductive component and a current injection element disposed on the electrically conductive component 10 which are connected to each other by at least two distribution cables

    Said lightning currents can come from a grounding conductor that runs through the inside of the blade or from cables directly connected to 15-ray receivers of the blade.

    In one embodiment, the conductive component is a "cap" embedded in a shell and the injection means comprise a current receiving element and a current injection element that are connected by two distribution cables and that are configured to prevent there are areas with a high current density in the current injection element.

    In one embodiment, the conductive component is a carbon fiber laminate embedded in a shell and the injection means comprise a current receiving element and a current injection element that are connected by three distribution cables and that are configured to avoid areas with a high current density in the current injection element.

    In one embodiment, the conductive component in a metal mesh embedded in a shell and the injection means comprise a current receiving element and a current injection element that are connected by four distribution cables and that are configured to prevent any areas with a high current density in the current injection element.
     35
    Other desirable features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims in relation to the accompanying figures.

    Brief description of figures 40

    Figures 1a and 1b are, respectively, a perspective view and a schematic plan view of a known lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade showing how a lightning current is injected into a "cap" of the blade beam beam. wind turbine Four. Five

    Figure 2a is a schematic plan view of a lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade according to the invention showing how a lightning current is injected into a "cap" attached to a shell of a wind turbine blade. Figure 2b is an electrical scheme of said current injection and Figure 2c graphically shows the distribution of currents at lightning characteristic frequencies (kHz).

    Figure 3a is a schematic plan view of a lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade according to the invention showing how a lightning current is injected
    in a laminated carbon fiber integrated in a shell of a wind turbine blade. Figure 3b is an electrical scheme of said current injection and Figure 3c graphically shows the distribution of currents at lightning characteristic frequencies (kHz).
     5
    Figures 4a and 4b are schematic plan views of a lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade according to the invention showing how a lightning current is injected into a metal mesh integrated into a wind turbine blade shell.

    Detailed Description of the Invention 10

    The present invention relates to windbreaker systems of wind turbine blades whose shells include electrically conductive components and, in particular, shells of the following typology:
     fifteen
    - shells incorporating "caps" made of carbon fiber laminates;

    - shells whose structure includes carbon fiber laminates (usually referred to as structural shells);
     twenty
    - shells whose structure includes metal meshes, as in the case of shells with radar absorbent material.

    In the first of the aforementioned typologies, the typical lightning arrester system comprises (see Figure 1b) a down conductor 21 of the lightning currents received by one or 25 more lightning receivers typically located at the tip of the blade and running through the interior of the blade 20, which is normally closer to its exit edge 23 than to its leading edge 25, connected to a plate 24 arranged on the "cap" 22 attached to the shell. The black square indicates the connection of the cable derived from the down conductor 21 with the plate 24 and the gray thick line circumference the area of high current density. 30

    In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, the means of injecting lightning currents in the "cap" 22 derived from the down conductor cable 21 by means of an auxiliary cable (which we will call in the future input cable ) comprise a current receiving element 27 and a current injection element 28 35 (made for example as metal plates) connected by two distribution cables 31, 32 of an inductance greater than the current receiving element 27. The Current injection 28 is arranged on the "cap" 22 and the current receiving element 27, connected to the input cable, is located in an area close to it and, preferably, at a distance of less than 5 m. 40

    The described configuration makes it possible to improve the current distribution in the injection zone as follows from the thickness of the gray circumferences compared to that of the circumference of Figure 1b. The peak current can be reduced by half and therefore in the local injection zone the value of the electric field is reduced with the consequent reduction of the temperature increase.

    Performing a simulation of the electrical scheme of Figure 2b for a current receiving element 27 of an inductance L = 0.11 µH (and a resistor R) and distribution cables 31, 32 of inductances L1 = µH and L2 = µH has proven 50 that an almost equal distribution of the intensity of the lightning current It received by the current receiving element 27 between the currents I1 and I2 transmitted by the distribution cables 31, 32 can be achieved, as is also shown in Figure 2c : It curve 35, I1 and I2 curves 36, 37.
    In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 3a, 3b and 3c, applicable to a wind turbine blade 20 with structural shells and stringers 15, 17, the means of injection of lightning currents transmitted by the input cable in the laminate Carbon fiber 42 of a shell comprises a current receiving element 47 and a current injection element 48 (made for example as metal plates 5) connected by three distribution cables 51, 52, 53 (since the fiber laminates Carbon 42 normally have a width greater than "cap" 22 of Figure 2a) of an inductance greater than that of the current receiving element 47. The current injection element 48 is disposed on the carbon fiber laminate 42 and the current receiving element 27, connected to the input cable, is located in an area close to it.

    This configuration allows the current distribution in the injection zone to be improved analogously to the previous embodiment.
     fifteen
    Performing a simulation of the electrical scheme of Figure 3b for a current receiving element 47 of an inductance L = 0.1 µH (and a resistor R) and distribution cables 51, 52, 53 of inductances L1 = µH, L2 = µH and L3 = µH it has been found that an almost equal distribution of the intensity of the lightning current It received by the current receiving element 48 between the currents I1, I2 and I3 20 transmitted by the distribution cables 51, 52 can be achieved , 53 as also shown in Figure 3c: It curve 55, I1, I2 and I3 curves 56, 57, 58.

    In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 4a, applicable to a wind turbine blade 20 with shells that include a metal mesh 62 (which is part of a radar absorption structure) and stringers 15, 17, the injection means of the lightning currents transmitted by the input wire in the metal mesh 62 comprise a current receiving element 67 and a current injection element 68 (made for example as metal plates) connected by four distribution cables 71, 72, 73 , 74 (since the metal mesh 62 is normally 30 wider than the "cap" 22 of Figure 2a and that the carbon fiber laminate 42 of Figure 3a) of an inductance greater than that of the current receiving element 67.

    The current injection element 68 is arranged on the metal mesh 62 and the current receiving element 67, connected to the input cable, is located in an area close to it.

    This configuration allows the current distribution in the injection zone to be improved analogously to the previous embodiment as illustrated by the gray circumferences of Figure 4a indicating the zone of maximum density or "influence" of the injection element.

    The embodiment illustrated in Figure 4b is similar to that in Figure 4a. The only difference is that instead of a current injection element 68, two current injection elements 69, 69 'are used. Four. Five

    All of the above is also applicable when the input cable is a cable directly connected to a lightning receiver, as can happen in the case of lightning rod systems that, in addition to typical lightning receivers located at the blade tip connected to a down conductor as shown in Figures 50 with the number 21, also include side ray receivers in certain cross sections of the blade.


    Among the advantages of the invention, it should be noted that:

    - The effective area of current transmission is increased.

    - The local tension at the injection point is reduced. 5

    - The temperature increase in the material is reduced (which guarantees its structural integrity).

    Another significant advantage is that the lightning rod system of the invention can be installed in shells manufactured by infusion procedures as the injection means of the system can be arranged in the corresponding locations during the manufacture of each of the shells of the blade and make the connections corresponding during the blade assembly process. Since, in particular, in this process the stringers 15, 17 must be "joined" to the shells, it is especially advantageous to use injectors such as metal plates, which can be "pressed" by the flanks of the stringers 15, 17 , which would not be possible with wires (they would break).

    The invention is especially applicable for offshore carbon blades since the amount of current is much greater and therefore it is necessary to improve the systems currently used for the injection of current in the "caps" and for "stealth" blades that require improvements in its current injection systems.

    Although the present invention has been described in relation to various embodiments, it will be appreciated from the description that various combinations of elements, variations or improvements can be made therein, and are within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. attached.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]

    1. Lightning rod system of a wind turbine blade (20), whose shells include at least one electrically conductive component (22; 42; 62) embedded in them, comprising means for injecting lightning currents into said electrically conductive component 5 (22; 42; 62) upon receipt by means of an input cable directly or indirectly connected with one or more lightning receivers of the blade, characterized in that said lightning current injection means comprise:
    - a current receiving element (27; 47; 67) connected to said input cable and 10 arranged on an area of the shells close to the electrically conductive component (22; 42; 62); Y
    - a current injection element (28; 48; 68; 69, 69 ') arranged on the electrically conductive component (22; 42; 62) and connected to the current receiving element (27, 47, 67) by the minus two distribution cables (31, 32; 51, 52, 53; 71, 72, 73, 74).

    [2]
    2. Lightning rod system according to claim 1, wherein said input cable is a cable derived from a down conductor (21) disposed inside the wind turbine blade (20) for grounding lightning currents.

    [3]
    3. Lightning rod system according to claim 1, wherein said input cable is a cable directly connected to a lightning rod receiver.
     25
    [4]
    4. Lightning rod system according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the distance between the current receiving element (27; 47; 67) and the current injection element (28; 48; 68; 69, 69 ') It is less than 5 m.

    [5]
    5. Lightning rod system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the conductive component is a "cap" (22) and the injection means comprise a current receiving element (27) and a current injection element ( 28) that they are connected by two distribution cables (31, 32) and that they are configured so that a distribution of currents in said distribution cables (31, 32) is achieved that prevents areas with a high current density in the current injection element (28).

    [6]
    6. Lightning rod system according to claim 5, wherein the current receiving element (27) and the current injection element (28) are metal plates.
     40
    [7]
    7. Lightning rod system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the conductive component is a carbon fiber laminate (42) and the injection means comprise a current receiving element (47) and a current injection element ( 48) connected by three distribution cables (51, 52, 53) and are configured so that a distribution of currents in said distribution cables (51, 52, 45 53) is achieved that prevents areas with a high density of current in the current injection element (48).

    [8]
    8. Lightning rod system according to claim 7, wherein the current receiving element (47) and the current injection element (48) are metal plates. fifty

    [9]
    9. Lightning rod system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the conductive component is a metal mesh (62) and the injection means comprise a current receiving element (67) and a current injection element (68) that
    they are connected by four distribution cables (71, 72, 73, 74) and are configured so that a distribution of currents is achieved in said distribution cables (71, 72, 73, 74) that prevents areas with a high current density in the current injection element (68).
     5
    [10]
    10. Lightning rod system according to claim 9, wherein the current receiving element (67) and the current injection element (68) are metal plates.

    [11]
    11. Lightning rod system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the conductive component is a metal mesh (62) and the injection means comprise a current receiving element (67) and two current injection elements (69 , 69 ') that are connected by four distribution cables (71, 72, 73, 74) and that are configured so that a distribution of currents in said distribution cables (71, 72, 73, 74) is achieved to avoid that there are areas with a high current density in the current injection elements (69, 69 '). fifteen

    [12]
    12. Lightning rod system according to claim 11, wherein the current receiving element (67) and the current injection elements (69, 69 ') are metal plates.
     twenty
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    ES2594452B1|2015-06-17|2017-09-28|Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.|Lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with an effective injection area in carbon fiber laminates and a balanced distribution of the intensity and voltage of lightning currents between different conductive paths|US10563635B2|2015-11-18|2020-02-18|Clarkson University|Aft rotor ducted wind turbine|
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    法律状态:
    2018-09-20| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2646015 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20180920 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201600471A|ES2646015B1|2016-06-07|2016-06-07|Lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with optimized means of injecting lightning currents into the conductive components of their shells.|ES201600471A| ES2646015B1|2016-06-07|2016-06-07|Lightning rod system for wind turbine blades with optimized means of injecting lightning currents into the conductive components of their shells.|
    US15/609,685| US10753341B2|2016-06-07|2017-05-31|Lightning system for wind turbine blades with optimized means for injecting lightning currents in conductive components of their shells|
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    CN201710416871.5A| CN107476943B|2016-06-07|2017-06-06|Wind turbine blade lightning protection system with optimized assembly for injecting lightning current into shell conducting assembly|
    BR102017012116-0A| BR102017012116A2|2016-06-07|2017-06-07|Lightning arrestor system for aerogenerator blades with optimized means of lightning current injection in their shell conductor components|
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